Diagnosis and management of anemia in clinical practice and its association with cardiovascular pathology

Volchkova N. S., Subkhankulova S. F.

ABSTRACT

Anemia is a syndrome that can be presented in many medical conditions that primary healthcare professionals face during their practice. Anemia has become widespread (up to 25% of the world’s population), which makes this health issue highly relevant. The causes of anemia may include: acute and chronic blood loss, impaired absorption of iron and vitamins, hemolysis, inhibition of bone marrow hematopoiesis, impaired erythropoietin synthesis. Since the manifestations of anemia are nonspecific (weakness, shortness of breath during exercise, dizziness, tachycardia), they can be interpreted as chronic heart, lung or kidney disease that can lead to late diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. General practitioners have to be aware of the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical signs of anemia as well as actively apply laboratory and instrumental diagnostic tools, and have a good understanding of the mechanisms of action of anemia medications and consider its indications and contraindications when prescribing. The review focuses on the main causes of iron deficiency, differential diagnosis between anemias, treatment options for iron deficiency anemia.

Keywords: iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, hemoglobin, transferrin, hepcidin, iron preparations, erythropoietin.

For citation:

Volchkova N. S., Subkhankulova S. F. Diagnosis and management of anemia in clinical practice and its association with cardiovascular pathology. International Heart and Vascular Disease Journal. 2022. 10 (34): 36-43. DOI 10.24412/2311-1623-2022-34-44-53